Definitions of some common terms frequently used
in pathology
Pneumoconiosis
It is a chronic lung disease due to inhalation of dust.
Goiter
It is non-inflammatory , non-neoplastic enlargement of thyroid
Vegetation
An abnormal growth of a tissue around a valve composed of blood platelets, bacteria and protein involved in clotting.
Cirrhosis
It is a chronic degeneration disease of the liver in which normal liver cells are damaged and are then replaced by scar tissue.
Teratoma
A true neoplasm made up of different types of tissues , none of these tissues is native to the area in which it occurs.
Hypertrophy
It is increase in the size of an organ due to increase in the size of its cells
Apoptosis
Programmed cell death which affects single cell surrounded by viable neighbor cells
Pathological calcification
Deposition of calcium in soft tissues due to increased uptake of calcium
Sequestrum
It is a necrotic dead piece of bone that is partially or entirely detached from the surrounding healthy bone
Amyloidosis
Deposition of amyloid ( an extacellular homogenous pink material ) in the connective tissue stroma and blood vessels' walls due to prolonged antigen-antibody reaction.
Hamartoma
It is a tumor-like malformation formed of the normal tissues of an organ but in irregular arrangement
Pyemia
It is the presence of septic emboli in the blood producing multiple abscesses in the tissues
Locally malignant tumors
They are malignant tumors characterized by local spread by infiltration but don't give metastases.
Ulcer
It is loss of surface epithelium
Granuloma
It is chronic specific infalmmation
Fistula
It is a tract communicating two surfaces
Sinus
It is a tract communicating a cavity with a surface ( blind end )
Embolism
It is impaction of embolus ( insoluble material ) in a vessel
Toxemia
It is the presence of bacterial toxins in circulating blood
Septicemia
It is the presence of large number of multiplying bacteria with their toxins in the blood
Hyperplasia
It is increase in the size of an organ due to increase in the number of its cells
Metaplasia
It is a change of differentiated tissue into another differentiated tissue of the same type
Regeneration
It is replacement of lost cells by similar new cells
Atelectasis
Incomplete expansion of the lungs or collapse of previously expanded lungs
Salpingitis
Inflammation of fallopian ( uterine ) tubes
Aneurysm
Localized dilatation of an artery
Infarction
It is an area of coagulative ( except brain which is liquafactive) necrosis due to complete ischemia.
Endometriosis
It is the presence of endometrial tissue in abnormal sites
Leukoplakia
White patches of oral mucosa and tongue due to chronic irritation
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