Complications of some common diseases - part 1

Complications of some common diseases - part 1

• Bronchiectasis :

  ( General complications )

  1. Systemic pyemia
  2. Secondary amyloidosis

  ( Local complications )

  1. Lung abscess and gangrene
  2. Suppurative Pericarditis
  3. Empyemia and pyopneumothorax
  4. Pulmonary fibrosis and right-sided heart failure
  5. Bronchogenic carcinoma
  
  
  

• Portal hypertension :

  1. Esophageal varices and its hemorrhage and rupture
  2. Blood vessels congestion
  3. Gastrointestinal bleeding
  4. Ascites
  5. Enlarged spleen
  6. Vomiting blood

• Peptic ulcer :

  1. Haemorrhage in the form of haematemesis and melaena
  2. Perforation leading to septic peritonitis
  3. Healing by fibrosis leading to pyloric stenosis ( if the ulcer is in the pyloric region) or hour-glass stomach ( if the ulcer is in the lesser curvature)
  4. Malignant change : occurs in 1% of peptic ulcers.

• Systemic hypertension :

  1. Left ventricular failure and coronary atheroma
  2. Cerebral hemorrhage and hypertensive encephalopathy
  3. Benign and malignant nephrosclerosis
  4. Retinal exudation and hemorrhage

• Liver cirrhosis :

  1. Portal hypertension
  2. Splenomegaly
  3. Liver cell failure : leading to gynecomastia and malignant change
  4. Ascites

• Lobar pneumonia :

  1. Lung abscess and gangrene
  2. Pericarditis and empyemia > Direct spread
  3. Septicemia > Blood spread
  4. Carnification : Pulmonary fibrosis
  5. Meningitis, peritonitis and pleuritis.
  6. Adult respiratory distress syndrome

• Gall bladder stones :

  1. Biliary colic
  2. Acute cholangitis
  3. Acute and chronic cholecystitis
  4. Acute biliary panceriatits
  5. Obstructive jaundice ( Cholestasis )
  6. Carcinoma of gall bladder
  7. Acute intestinal obstruction

• Sudden coronary artery occlusion :

  1. Myocardial infarction
  2. Ventricular fibrillation
  3. Cardiogenic shock
  4. Acute heart failure
  5. Sudden death

• Meningococcal meningitis :

  1. Healing by organisation : leading to adhesions and obstruction followed by hydrocephalus.
  2. Meningococcal septicemia leading to acute infective endocarditis.
  3. Haemorrhage and necrosis of adrenal cortex

• Diabetes mellitus :

  1. Metabolic : Ketosis and diabetic coma.
  2. Renal : Pyelonephritis, necrosis of renal papillae, diabetic glomerulosclerosis and nephrotic syndrome.
  3. Vascular : Atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction and dry gangrene of the limbs.
  4. Infections :
  1. Lung : Tuberculosis, lung abscess and gangrene.
  2. Skin : Carbuncle
  3. Kidney : Pyelonephritis

• Atherosclerosis :

  1. Fusiform aneurysm of the abdominal aorta
  2. Gradual or sudden ischemia due to thrombus on top of atherosclerosis
  3. Thrombosis in the aorta leading to embolism
  4. Dissecting aneurysm of the aorta

• Venous thrombosis :

  1. Haemorrhage
  2. Thrombosis and embolism
  3. Trophic changes as varicose ulcers
  4. Infection as thrombophlebitis

• Viral hepatitis :

  1. Chronic hepatitis : chronic persistent or active hepatitis
  2. Fulminant hepatitis : leading to hepatic failure
  3. Arthritis-like problems

• Tumors of placenta :

  1. Uterine bleeding
  2. Benign > Malignant change into choriocarcinoma
  3. Malignant > Direct spread and blood spread to lungs

• Rheumatic fever :

  1. Pericardial adhesions
  2. Myocardial fibrosis
  3. Valvular lesions : Stenosis and incompetence
  4. Sub acute infective endocarditis.