Drugs used in the treatment of some common diseases

Drugs used in the treatment of some common diseases

• Migraine :

  Acute Attack :

  1. Triptans : Sumatriptan and naratriptan 
  2. Dihydroergotamine
  3. Analgesics : Aspirin, naproxen and ibuprofen 

  Prophylaxis :

  1. β-blockers : Propranolol and nadolol 
  2. Tricyclic antidepressants : Amitriptyline
  3. Anticonvulsants : Divalproex 
  4. Calcium channel blockers : Verapamil  
  
  
  

• Depression :

  1. Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors : Fluoxetine
  2. Serotonin/nor-epinephrine re-uptake inhibitors : Duloxetine
  3. Tricyclic antidepressants : Amitriptyline and imipramine
  4. Monoamine oxidase inhibitor : Selegiline and phenelzine
  5. Other antidepressants : Bupropion, mirtazapine, nefazodone and trazodone

• Organophosphorus toxicity :

  1. Antidote : Atropine 2mg I.V or I.M repeated every 5-10 minutes.
  2. Cholinestrase activator : Pralidoxime

• Bronchial asthma :

  1. Short-acting β2 agonists ( Albuterol ) > Quick relief of symptoms
  2. Low-dose inhaled corticosteroids > for mild persistent asthma
  3. Medium-dose inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting β2 agonists > for moderate persistent asthma
  4. High-dose inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting β2 agonists > for sever persistent asthma

• Gouty arthritis :

  Acute gout :

  1. Indomethacin, sulindac and etodolac
  2. NSAIDs ( except Aspirin )

  Chronic gout :

  1. Allopurinol
  2. Colchicine
  3. Febuxostat
  4. Uricosuric agents : Probenecid and sulfinpyrazone

• Emesis :

  1. Phenothiazines : Prochlorperazine
  2. 5-HT3 serotonin receptor blockers : Ondansetron
  3. Substituted benzamides : Metoclopramide
  4. Butyrophenones : Droperidol and haloperidol
  5. Benzodiazepines : Alprozolam and lorazepam
  6. Corticosteroids : Dexamethasone and methylpredinsolone
  7. Neurokinin receptor blocker : Aprepitant

• Arrhythmia :

  1. Sodium channel blockers ( Lidocaine and quinidine ) > For acute ventricular tachycardia and alternative in atrial fibrillation.
  2. β-Blockers ( Esmolol, metoprolol and propranolol ) > For atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation and supra-ventricular tachycardia.
  3. Potassium channel blockers ( Amiodarone and sotalol ) > For atrial fibrillation, acute ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation.
  4. Calcium channel blockers ( Diltiazem and verapamil ) > For atrial flutter and supra-ventricular tachycardia.
  5. Other anti-arrhythmics : Digoxin and adenosine

• Status epilepticus :

  1. Diazepam
  2. Clonazepam
  3. Phenytoin
  4. Phenobabitone
  5. Paraldehyde

• Amebiasis :

  1. Luminal amebiasis : Iodoquinol, diloxanide furoate and promomycin.
  2. Systemic amebiasis : Chloroquine, emetine and dihydroemetine.
  3. Mixed amebiasis : Metronidazole and tinidazole

• Rheumatic fever :

  1. Aspirin
  2. Salicylate salts
  3. Diflunisal

• Constipation :

  1. Irritants and stimulants : Senna, bisacodyl and castor oil.
  2. Bulk laxatives : Methylcellulose and psyllium
  3. Saline and osmotic laxatives : Magnesium citrate, magnesium hydroxide, polyethylene glycol and lactulose.
  4. Stool softeners : Docusate.
  5. Lubricant laxatives : Glycerine suppositories and mineral oil.
  6. Chloride channel activators : Lubiprostone.

• Peptic ulcer :

  1. H2-Histamine receptor blockers : Cimetidine and ranitidine
  2. Proton pump inhibitors : Omeprazole and lansoprazole
  3. Antimicrobial agents : Amoxicillin, tetracyclin and metronidazole
  4. Prostaglandins : Misoprostol
  5. Anti-muscarinics : Dicyclomine
  6. Antacids : Aluminum hydroxide and calcium carbonate
  7. Mucosal protectors : Bismuth subsalicylate and sucralfate

• Tuberculosis :

  First-line treatment :

  1. Ethambutol
  2. Isoniazide
  3. Pyrazinamide
  4. Rifamycins : Rifampicin and rifabutin

  Second-line treatment :

  1. Aminoglycosides
  2. Aminosalicylic acid
  3. Capreomycin
  4. Cycloserine
  5. Ethionamide
  6. Fluoroquinolones
  7. Macrolides

• Heart failure :

  1. ACE inhibitors : Captopril, enalapril and fosinopril
  2. Angiotensin receptor blockers : Losartan and valsartan
  3. β-Blockers : Atenolol, carvedilol and metoprolol.
  4. Diuretics : Bumetanide, furosemide and metolazone
  5. Direct vasodilators : Hydralazine and isosorbide dinitrate
  6. Inotropic agents : Digoxin, dobutamine and amirone
  7. Aldosterone antagonists : Spironolactone and eplerenone

• Angina Pectoris :

  1. Organic nitrates : isosorbide dinitrate and nitroglycerine
  2. β-Blockers : Acebutolol, atenolol, metoprolol and propranolol
  3. Calcium channel blockers : Diltiazem, verapamil and felodipine
  4. Sodium channel blockers : Ranolazine
  5. Calcium channel blockers ( Verapamil ) > Prophylaxis

• Glaucoma :

  1. β-Blockers : Betaxolol, carteolol, levobunolol and timolol
  2. α-Agonists : Apraclonidine and brimonidine
  3. Cholinergic agonists : Pilocarpine and carbachol
  4. Prostaglandin-like analogue : Latanoprost and travoprost
  5. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors : Dorzolamide and acetuzolamide