Complications of some common diseases - Part 3

Complications of some common diseases - Part 3

 

• Acute appendicitis :

  1. Gangrene, perforation and septic peritonitis.
  2. Appendicular mass
  3. Appendicular abscess
  4. Faecal fistula
  5. Portal pyemia
  6. Mucocele of the appendix due to obstruction by fibrosis
  7. Rupture of the mucocele  leads to pseudomyxoma peritonei.

• Ulcerative colitis :

  1. Hemorrhage
  2. Perforation and septic peritonitis
  3. Malignant change

• Piles :

  1. Bleeding
  2. Inflammation
  3. Portal pyemia

• Acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis :

  1. Septic peritonitis
  2. Chronic pancreatitis
  3. Diabetes mellitus

• Acute polycystic disease :

  1. Renal failure
  2. Hypertension
  3. Haematuria due to rupture of the cyst

• Chronic pyelonephritis :

  1. Bilateral chronic renal failure
  2. Hypertension

• Hydronephrosis :

  1. Bilateral chronic renal failure
  2. Secondary infection leading to pyonephrosis.

• Renal calculi :

  1. Renal colic
  2. Haematuria
  3. Infection as cystitis and pyelonephritis.
  4. Obstruction leading to hydroureter and hydronephrosis.
  5. Squamous metaplasia of the renal pelvis and squamous cell carcinoma

• Transitional cell ( villous ) papilloma :

  1. Haematuria
  2. Cystitis
  3. Malignant change into transitional cell carcinoma

• Benign prostatic hyperplasia :

  1. Compression of prostatic urethra leading to obstruction to the flow of the urine.
  2. Hypertrophy of bladder muscle followed by dilatation, trabeculation and diverticulum formation.
  3. Stasis of urine leads to cystitis and phosphate stones
  4. Bilateral hydroureter and hydronephrosis
  5. Ascending infection leads to pyelonephritis in early stage or pyonephritis in late stage.
  6. Death due to chronic renal failure

• Gonorrhea in females :

  1. Bilateral salpingitis
  2. Pelvic peritonitis
  3. Blood spread > septicemia > arthritis and acute infective endocarditis.

• Puerperal sepsis :

  1. Salpingitis
  2. Peritonitis
  3. Pyemia
  4. Septicemia

• Endometrial hyperplasia :

  1. Uterine bleeding
  2. Malignant change

• Leiomyoma :

  1. Infection
  2. Necrosis
  3. Hyaline degeneration
  4. Malignant change into leiomyosarcoma

• Papillary cystadenoma :

  1. Malignant change is common

• Mucinous cystadenoma :

  1. Torsion of the pedicles with necrosis.
  2. Pseudomyxoma peritonei due to rupture of the cyst
  3. Malignant change is less common

• Dermoid cystadenoma :

  1. Torsion of a pedicle
  2. Rupture of a cyst leading to aseptic peritonitis.
  3. Malignant change
  4. Hyperthyroidism

• Nodular goiter :

  1. Pressure effect on the trachea and esophagus
  2. Secondary hyperthyroidism without exophthalmos
  3. Hemorrhage and necrosis
  4. Dystrophic calcification
  5. Malignant change

• Rheumatoid arthritis :

  1. Secondary amyloidosis
  2. Splenomegaly